(b Strasbourg, 6 Jan. 1832; d Paris, 23 Jan. 1883). French illustrator, painter, and sculptor. He was the most celebrated book illustrator of the mid-19th century and was so prolific that at one time he employed more than forty wood engravers. His best-known works are lavishly illustrated editions of literary classics, including Dante's Inferno (1861), Don Quixote (1862), and the Bible (1866)—works that helped to give European currency to the illustrated book of large format. Characteristically his style was rich and exuberant, with a strong vein of grotesque fantasy, but he worked in a more sombre and realistic manner in his illustrations for London: A Pilgrimage (1872). In these images he presented the grim life of the poor in a way that was admired by van Gogh among others.