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Notes
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An interpretation of the Capture of Havana, the last major operation of the Seven Years War, 1756–1763, which took place between June and August 1762. This constituted the largest amphibious operation mounted by Britain, with over 15,000 troops involved. Late in 1761, Spain entered the Seven Years War in support of France. The British Government immediately planned offensive operations against Spain's overseas possessions, in particular Havana, which was the capital of the western dominions, with Manila the capital of the eastern. The Earl of Albemarle was in overall military command and his brother Augustus was a Commodore and second-in-command of the naval force. The chief naval command fell to Sir George Pocock, whose force consisted of 22 ships of the line, four 50s, three 40-guns, a dozen frigates and a dozen sloops and bombs. As well as these, there were troopships, storeships and hospital ships. A landing was made, without opposition, six miles east of the Morro Castle, on 7 June. On first of July the 'Cambridge', 'Marlborough' and 'Dragon' were ordered to bombard the castle but they received more punishment than they inflicted and had to be recalled. On 30 July a breach was made with mines in a wall of the castle which enabled the British to take it by storm.
Havana is depicted in the left background and the Morro Castle is visible immediately behind the three principal ships. The British victory was tempered by the fact that they did not attempt a rapid surprise attack and the delay brought considerable losses. Under the terms of the Treaty of Paris, they also had to return the city to the Spanish in 1763.
Title
Bombardment of the Morro Castle, Havana, 1 July 1762
Date
mid-18th C
Medium
oil on canvas
Measurements
H 76.2 x W 102.9 cm
Accession number
BHC0407
Work type
Painting