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In this important painting of 1942, Emmanuel Levy used Christ as a martyr or symbol for the suffering of the Jews in his own protest against the tragedy of the Holocaust in mainland Europe. Since the nineteenth century, Jewish artists have used Christ as a Jewish symbol, sometimes as a preacher, a scholar, a mystical visitor or a victim of modern anti-Semitism. In this bleak expression of despair, Levy combined Jewish and Christian imagery, presenting Christ as an orthodox Jew with his Tallit (or prayer shawl) and praying phylacteries. The label ‘Jude’ in blood red above him and the rows of white crosses (traditionally marking Christian graves) symbolise the many Jews who were being killed at the time the work was painted. Emmanuel Levy studied in his native Manchester, in London and in Paris.