Gainsborough spent 15 years in Bath, building his reputation as a portrait painter before moving to London, where this work was painted. He became one of the most famous artists of his day. Gainsborough played the harp himself and always took care to paint musical instruments accurately.

'The sportive, heedless, happy, and when she chose it, captivating Lady Clarges', is Fanny Burney’s description of the sitter. Lady Clarges was an accomplished singer and harpist. She owned several harps and made regular trips to Italy to pursue her musical interests. She and her husband, Sir Thomas, promoted outstanding foreign musicians in England.